What does the term "food allergen" refer to?

The term "food allergen" specifically refers to substances that can provoke significant immune responses in individuals who are sensitive or allergic to those substances. When someone consumes a food allergen, their immune system erroneously identifies the protein in that food as a threat, leading to a range of potential reactions, from mild symptoms like hives to severe anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening.

Understanding food allergens is vital for managing food allergies effectively, especially considering that they are common in certain foods such as peanuts, shellfish, tree nuts, milk, eggs, and soy. The recognition of these allergens is crucial for individuals who need to avoid them for their health and safety.

In contrast, other choices do not align with the established definition of food allergens. For instance, some choices focus on food storage or preparation issues, which are unrelated to the immune responses central to food allergens. Thus, option C accurately reflects the meaning and implications of food allergens in dietary and health contexts.